Collagen inhibiting compositions and processes for manufacturing and using same

ABSTRACT

There is disclosed the use of a collagen inhibiting composition including in polymeric form select analogs of proline and processes for the manufacture and use of such a collagen-inhibiting composition to reduce scar tissue formation.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions and processes formanufacturing same, and more particularly to the manufacture and use ofcertain analogs of the amino acid proline in complex polymeric form forcontrolling the cellular synthesis of scars and fibrous tissue inanimals.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Collagen is a protein which occurs naturally in all animals in the formof tough fibers. Such collagen fibers are in effect the "glue" holdingtogether the tissues of the body. Collagen is synthesized by many cellsfrom certain amino acid including the amino acid proline.Collagen-producing cells are located primarily in the skin, bone,tendons, ligaments, nerves, cartilage and blood vessels of animals andcollagen fibers are formed whenever tissue is damaged, in the sense thatdeposition of collagen fibers is a normal part of the process of tissuerepair. In certain instances, however, excessive amounts of collagen areproduced, with substantial, undesirable results. In particular, scarformation in the healing of wounds, from trauma or disease, or followingsurgery, is a result of excessive production of collagen, since themajor constituent of scar tissue is collagen.

The development of large, unsightly masses of scar tissue may producepsychological problems in human beings, and may interfere substantiallywith the normal physical and biological function of organs and tissues.For example, after surgery to the abdomen, the formation of excessivescar tissue or "adhesions" around abdominal organs, such as theintestines, often interferes with the functionality of such organs andmay cause severe pain and even death. After hand surgery, the formationof excessive scar tissue around the tendons of the wrist or hand oftenprevents normal functioning of the hand. After surgery to the back,excessive scar tissue around the spinal nerves may produce severe painand limitation of motion. After plastic surgey to the face, theformation of excessive scar tissue may frequently compromise thebenefits of the surgery.

In horses, a condition known as "proud flesh" often occurs. It is anexcessive build-up of scar tissue and when occuring near a leg joint mayinterfere considerably with the use of the legs for heavy work or forracing. Similar excessive build-up of scar tissue may also occur inhorses when leg tendons are surgically repaired.

It is, therefore, desirable to be able to control or limit the amount ofcollagen formed and released by the collagen-producing cells in specificbody areas for limited periods of time. However, in controlling thesynthesis and deposition of collagen fibers, it is extremely importantnot to interfere with the cellular production of other protein necessaryfor normal body functioning.

In U.S. Pat. No. 151,986 filed June 10, 1971, (now abandoned) but issuedas Belgium Patent No. 784,650, there is disclosed the use of freeproline analogs in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier for controllingcollagen formation. The use of such proline analog exhibited someefficacy in reducing scar tissue formation, however, the benefit was atbest minimal. Such free proline analogs are not susceptible to topicalapplication about a wound, since topical application results in anedematose condition, i.e. the accumulation of fluid with concomitantsymptons of pain and swelling. Further, free proline analogs are watersoluble and readily absorbed thereby entering the circulation system.

OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION

An object of the present invention is to provide a novel compositionincluding in polymeric form select analogs of proline for limiting andcontrolling collagen synthesis.

Another object of the present invention is the topical application of aneffective amount of a novel composition including in polymeric formselect analogs of proline for limiting and controlling collagensynthesis.

Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a process forpreparing a novel composition including in polymeric form select analogsof proline for limiting and controlling collagen synthesis.

Still another object of the present invention is to provide novelcollagen-inhibiting compositions including in polymeric form selectanalogs of proline for localized application to animals for the purposeof limiting and controlling the synthesis and deposition of collagenfibers.

A still further object of the present invention is to provide a methodfor the prevention and control of certain conditions in animalsinvolving the excessive synthesis and deposition of collagen fiberscomprising the administration of an effective amount of acollagen-inhibiting composition including in polymeric form selectproline analogs.

Yet another object of the present invention is to provide certaincollagen-inhibiting compositions and methods to be used in treatinganimals to control and limit scar tissue formation due to wounds fromtrauma, including burns or diseases, after surgery, for the treatment ofthose diseases involving fibrosis, with excessive accumulations ofcollagen, such as pulmonary fibrosis, etc.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

These and other objects of the present invention are achieved by the useof a collagen-inhibiting composition including in polymeric form selectanalogs of proline and processes for the manufacture and use of such acollagen-inhibiting composition.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION

As used herein, the term "quasi-collagen" means a collagen-like proteinmolecule which includes a proline analog, at one or more of the sites atwhich proline or trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline would normally be found incollagen.

As used herein, the term "animals" includes human beings.

As used herein, the term "polymers" includes compounds of largemolecular weight and which consists of proline analogs together withamino acids or similar compounds, linked to each other by peptide bonds,ester bonds, or other covalent bonds.

While not fully understood, it is believed that the topical use of sucha collagen-inhibiting composition including in polymeric form selectproline analogs of the present invention, such as the application ofsuch composition in powdered form to the area to be treated, results inthe gradual decomposition of such a polymeric proline analog compositionthrough the action of either water found in tissue fluids, or throughthe action of degradative enzymes naturally present in tissue fluids. Inthe course of decomposing, such a collagen-inhibiting compositionreleases one or more proline analogs, together with other compoundswhich have no appreciable biological effects. The thus released prolineanalog or proline analogs will be taken up by the collagen-producingcells in the area and will be incorporated into some of the collagenmolecules synthesized within the cell to form "quasi-collagen"molecules. Of the 3,000 amino acids which are incorporated into a singlenormal collagen molecule, about 600 of the amino acid sites are occupiedby proline and by trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline, an amino acid form fromproline during the synthesis of collagen.

Accordingly, when a proline analog is administered into thecollagen-producing cells "quasi-collagen" molecules are synthesized bythe cells, incorporating the proline analog at certain sites at whichproline or trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline is normally present in acollagen-molecule. The number of sites at which the proline analog ispresent will vary from a few sites in each molecule to more thanone-half of the available proline or trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline sites.These "quasi-collagen" molecules do not have the normalthree-dimensional conformation of normal collagen and therefore cannotbe used by the cells and tissues to assemble collagen fibers. Therefore,the net effect of incorporation of the proline analogs is to inhibitsynthesis of collagen fibers. The duration of such inhibition ofcollagen formation depends on such factors as the particular prolineanalog administered, the quantity administered, the rate at which theproline analog is released from the collagen-inhibiting composition, andthe frequency of dosage repetition.

The inhibition of the formation of collagen fibers by the synthesis ofthe "quasi-collagen" is believed to occur for the following reasons. Ina normal collagen molecule, the amino acids proline anndtrans-4-hydroxy-L-proline account for approximately 20% of the totalamino acid composition. The presence of proline andtrans-4-hydroxy-L-proline in the three polypeptide chains which comprisethe collagen molecule is apparently essential for the three chains tofold into a helical, rope-like three-dimensional structure of the normalcollagen molecule. Incorporation of proline analogs into the collagenmolecule in sites normally occupied by proline andtrans-4-hydroxy-proline residues prevents the three polypeptide chainsfrom assuming the normal helical conformation, for one or two reasons.One reason is that the proline analogs, because of incorrect steric orchemical structure, do not allow the three polypeptide chains to cometogether correctly. The second reason is that, with several prolineanalogs, the presence of the proline analogs in the polypeptide chainsprevent the normal conversion of specific proline residues totrans-4-hydroxy-L-proline residues by the action of an enzyme normallypresent in collagen-synthesizing cells. Because the conversion ofproline to trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline does not occur to an adequateextent, the three polypeptide chains cannot form a helical structurewhich is stable under normal body conditions. Since the cells synthesize"quasi-collagen" instead of normal collagen, the production of collagenmolecules used to form fibers is marketedly reduced.

The proline analogs which are useful in the practice of the presentinvention include the cis-isomer of proline analogs having cis- andtrans-isomers, and not the transisomers; and the laevo isomers ofproline analogs, and not the dextro isomers or non-optical isomers,except where the DL form is required to be used since the L form cannotbe economically isolated.

Proline analogs of the present invention include the cis- and laevoisomers of the compounds of the general structural formula ##STR1##wherein R is OH, Cl, F, CH₃, NH₃, OC(O)CH₃, OC(OH)CH₂, CH₃, SH, SCH₃,OCH₃, ONO₂, OSO₃ H, H₂ PO₄, or COOH; L-pipecolic acid;1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-L-picolinic acid; 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-L-picolinicacid; 1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-L-picolinic acid;1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-L-picolinic acid; and 1,2-dihydro-L-picolinic acid;the laevo isomers of the compound of the general structural formula##STR2## where X is N, S or O; L-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid,3,4-dehydro-L-proline and 4,5-dehydro-L-proline.

The proline analogs which are preferred for use in the acollagen-inhibiting compositions of the present invention areL-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid, cis-4-fluoro-L-proline,3,4-dehydro-L-proline, cis-4-hydroxy-L-proline andcis-4-chloro-L-proline with cis-4-hydroxy-L-proline being mostpreferred.

The proline analogs are employed in a collagen-inhibiting composition inwhich the proline analog is chemically linked into a large molecularstructure and from which the proline analog is slowly released when thecomposition is topically applied. One collagen-inhibiting compositionconsists of a polymer of cis-hydroxy-L-proline chemically linked toitself by ester bonds resulting in a large molecular structure of theformula: ##STR3## Another composition consists of polypeptide chains ofamino acid to which a proline analog is linked through the carboxylgroup of the proline analog to form an ester linkage to a hydroxyl groupof a polypeptide chain. For example, a polymeric structure given by thestructural formula: ##STR4## where cHyp is cis-4-hydroxy-L-proline, Alais L-alanine and Gly is glycine.

It is important to note that the compositions including the prolineanalogs of the present invention are of large molecular weight andthereby will not readily leave the site in or on administered tissues.Also the collagen-inhibiting composition do not have strong osmoticeffects as might be obtained with small molecular weight compounds, suchas proline analogs, per se. It is important to note that the polymershydrolyzed by the action of water per se, or by the action of water inthe presence of naturally occurring tissue enzymes, to slowly releasethe proline analog to the collagen-producing cells. The controlledrelease of the proline analog in such manner permits the administeringof large concentrations of the proline analog at the site where itsaction is required.

As a proline analog is released from the polymer composition anddiffuses from the administered site, the proline analog is rapidlydiluted by body fluids and its concentration diminished. Therefore,tissues or sites other than the administered site are exposed to muchlower concentrations of the proline analog and thereby markedly diminishany possible deleterious effects on other tissues. Thus, the use of thecollagen-inhibiting composition of the present invention functions tomodulate the production of collagen fibers by collagen-producing cellswithin given sites of animals.

The mechanism of "quasi-collagen" formation, while significantlycurtailing for a period of time synthesis of collagen and collagenfibers by individual collagen-producing cells, does not interfere withthe production of other proteins by these same cells or bynon-collagen-producing cells. This is very important for the effectivefunctioning for limiting or for the controlled production of collagensince in the usual situation, agents interfering with the synthesis ofprotein by one type of animal cell in one site within a tissue willinterfere with a synthesis of all proteins in all the tissues of theanimal, thereby producing a wide range of systemic effects, many ofwhich can be harmful.

As is hereinafter more fully discussed, the collagen-inhibitingcompositions of the instant invention have efficacy in inhibitingformation of fibrous tissue in laboratory animals, and are thereforeconsidered to be useful in controlling the formation of scar tissue inwounds, caused by trauma, disease, or surgical incisions in animals,while permitting growth of normal tissues. In the use of the disclosedcollagen-inhibiting compositions to prevent scar tissue formation, alimited amount of the collagen-inhibiting compositions of the presentinvention are locally applied in a single application, or for a limitedperiod of time, until a significant healing of the tissue has occurred,after which no further application of the collagen-inhibitingcomposition is necessary. The use of a collagen-inhibiting compositionof the present invention to prevent scar formation, does not necessarilyterminate the synthesis of collagen fibers by collagen-producing cells.Rather, by the proper control of dosage amount and dosage frequency, thecollagen-producing cells can be permitted to continue to synthesizelimited amounts of collagen for normal tissue-adhesive function.

Controlling scar formation has particular application to humans andseveral other species of animals, the members of which have a tendencyto excessive collagen accumulation in the form of scars at sites ofwound, surgical incisions, or tissue damage produced by a variety ofagents. The application includes especially certain racial groups amonghumans, having a genetic tendency to keloid formation at the sites ofwounds or incisions. The collagen-inhibiting compositions may beutilized for the prevention of excessive deposition of collagen indiseased conditions in which non-collagenous tissues are replaced bycollagen. An example of the excessive deposition of collagen in certaindisease conditions to which the collagen-inhibiting compositions of thepresent invention are applicable is lung fibrosis, a condition caused byinhalation of foreign materials such as silica or asbestos, or as occursin older persons from unknown causes. In such instances, where a lungfibrosis is commencing, further progression is prevented byadministration of the collagen-inhibiting compositions in the form ofaerosols. In other instances the collagen-inhibiting compositions areapplied directly to the site at which control of collagen deposition andscarring is desired.

As hereinabove described, the most preferred proline analog for use inthe collagen-inhibiting composition, is cis-4-hydroxy-L-proline.Cis-4-hydroxy-L-proline is commercially available in limited quantitiesand is naturally present, e.g. extractable from the leaves and pericarpof a species of sandalwood tree, Santalum album, common to India.Cis-4-hydroxy-L-proline is found in these leaves in the natural form andis capable of being extracted by the processing disclosed in 80Biochemical Journal 378 (1961) and 58 Biochemical Journal 57 (1954).Cis-4-fluoro-L-proline may be synthesized by the procedures disclosed in4 Biochemistry 2507 (1965). L-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid may beextracted from the leaves of Lily-of-the Valley by the proceduredisclosed in 64 Biochemical Journal 323 (1956). 3,4-Dehydro-L-prolinemay be synthesized by the procedure disclosed in 84 Journal of theAmerican Chemical Society 1967 (1962).

There follows certain examples which illustrate in detail the process ofthis invention for the purpose of controlling the synthesis of collagenfibers in animals, as well as procedures for preparing a number ofrepresentative dosage forms thereof.

EXAMPLE I

To demonstrate the effectiveness of the collagen-inhibiting compositionsherein described, a test system consisting of cells from normal humanskin is employed. The principle of the test system is that whencollagen-producing cells, such as normal skin fibroblasts are introducedinto a plastic flask containing a nutrient medium, the cells attach tothe surface of the flask and grow. However, firm attachment of normalfibroblasts to the surface of the flask requires that the cells firstsynthesize a "pad" comprised of collagen fibers and several othermaterials through which the collagen producing cells attach to theplastic surface. If synthesis of normal collagen fibers is prevented,the collagen-producing cells, such as the normal skin fibroblasts, willnot attach and therefore will not grow. In the present test system,cis-4-hydroxy-L-proline prevents attachment and growth of normalfibroblasts since cis-4-hydroxy-L-proline promotes the synthesis of"quasi-collagen". The manner in which cis-4-hydroxy-L-proline producesthese effects has been disclosed in 336 Biochimica et Biophysica Acta234, (1974); 174 Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 381 (1976); 266Nature 63 (1977); and 272 Nature 622 (1978).

The following three polymeric collagen-inhibiting compositions of thepresent invention are tested: cH-I, a polyester ofcis-4-hydroxy-L-proline prepared by the polymerization of an activeester of a diester of cis-4-hydroxy-L-proline; cH-II, a polyester ofcis-4-hydroxy-proline prepared by the polymerization of an active ester;and cHAG, a polymer in which cis-4-hydroxy-L-proline is ester-linked tocis-4-hydroxy-L-proline in a polypeptide chain formed fromcis-4-hydroxy-L-proline, alanine and glycine.

None of the three polymeric compositions are soluble in water and areconsequently dissolved in 50% acetic acid and water. The solution isplaced dropwise on a microscopic coverslip and the solvent evaporatedwith warm air from a hair dryer. The coverslip, coated with thecomposition, is then placed in a pastic culture flask (75 cm² ; Falcon).From 5×10⁵ to 10.5×10⁵ normal human fibroblasts in 2 ml of cell culturemedium are added to the flask. The flask is incubated at 37° C. in 5%carbon dioxide and 95% air for 3 to 5 days, and the number of cells inthe flask counted. Control sample contained microscopic coverslipstreated with an equal volume of solvent and air-dried.

All three of the compositions inhibited growth of the fibroblasts. cH-I,at a dosage level equivalent to 500 μg/ml, totally prevented growth, andfewer cells are recovered at the end of the growth period than areinitially added to the flask (Experiment #1 in Table I). cH-II and cHAGinhibited growth at dosage levels equivalent to 300 and 500 μg/ml(Experiment #2 and #3 in Table I).

                  TABLE I                                                         ______________________________________                                        Effect of Compositions on Collagen Synthesis as Assayed by                    Attachment and Growth of Human Skin Fibroblast in Plastic                     Culture Flasks                                                                                       Dosage   Cells per flask                               Expt.                  Level    (× 10.sup.5)                            #     Treatment        (μg/ml)                                                                             Initial                                                                              Final                                  ______________________________________                                        1     None                      5.0    67                                           cis-4-Hydroxy-L-proline                                                                        250      5.0    <1                                           cH-I             500      5.0    1.0                                    2     None                      10.3   98                                           cis-4-Hydroxy-L-proline                                                                        100      10.3   2.2                                          cH-II            300      10.3   28                                           cH-II            500      10.3   7.0                                          cHAG             300      10.3   10.0                                   3     None                      7.0    56                                           cis-4-Hydroxy-L-proline                                                                         50      7.0    12                                           cis-4-Hydroxy-L-proline                                                                        150      7.0    1.3                                          cHAG             100      7.0    14.5                                         cHAG             300      7.0    7.0                                    ______________________________________                                    

In a parallel series of experiments, coverslips containing cH-II areplaced in culture flasks with fibroblasts under the same conditions.After 1, 2, 3 and 4 days, the coverslips are removed, and thecomposition remaining on the coverslip chemically assayed for content ofcis-4-hydroxy-L-proline. The results indicated that the compositiondisappeared from the cover-slip with a half-life of about 24 hours.Therefore, this is about the rate at which cis-4-hydroxy-L-proline isreleased from the polymer under the conditions of this experiment.

To establish that the effects of the collagen-inhibiting compositionsare specific for collagen-producing cells, similar experiments arecarried out with a line of cultured cells which do not produce collagen.As disclosed in 266 Nature 63 (1977), the growth of such cells is notinhibited by cis-4-hydroxy-L-proline. Neither the polyester cH-I nor thepolymer cHAG significantly inhibited the growth of the cells (Table II).

                  TABLE II                                                        ______________________________________                                        Effects of Compositions on Attachment and Growth of KB Cells.                         Dosage                                                                        Level     Cells per flask (× 10.sup.5)                          Treatment (μg/ml)  Initial   Final                                         ______________________________________                                        None                  8.0       29                                            cH-I      500         8.0       24                                            cHAG      500         8.0       27                                            ______________________________________                                    

EXAMPLE 2

To demonstrate the effectiveness in vivo of the pharmaceuticalcompositions disclosed here, the polyester cH-II is dissolved in aceticacid and placed dropwise on polyvinyl sponges. The solvent is evaporatedfrom the sponges with a hair dryer and the sponges implantedsubcutaneously in rats.

After 4 days, the sponges are removed. Fibrous capsule had formed aroundthe sponge and the sponge lyophilized and weighed. As indicated in TableIII, 2.5 mg of the polyester cH-II on the sponges did not have astatistically significant effect on the dry weight of the fibrouscapsule. Placing 5.0 mg of cH-II on the sponge significantly decreasedthe amount of fibrous capsule.

                  TABLE III                                                       ______________________________________                                        Effect of a Polyester of cis-4-hydroxy-L-proline in Rats.                     Composi-       Dose                                                           tion placed                                                                           # of   (mg/     Weight gain of sponge (mg)                            in sponge                                                                             rats.sup.a                                                                           sponge)  Untreated                                                                             Treated                                                                              Difference.sup.b                       ______________________________________                                        Control 4               28.33   27.17  -1.16                                  cH-II   4      2.5      31.49   29.32  -2.17                                  cH-II   4      5.0      33.75   27.91  -5.84.sup.c                            ______________________________________                                         .sup.a Dry weights of sponges were assayed before and after implantation.     Two sponges were placed in each rat, one treated and one untreated. In        control, the treated sponge was impregnated with the amount of acetic aci     necessary to impregnate sponges with 5 mg of cHII.                            .sup.b Values indicate means of weight gains in treated and untreated         sponges expressed as mg dry weight.                                           .sup.c Difference in mean change in dry weight is significant at p <.05 b     student's ttest.                                                         

EXAMPLE III

The polymer cH-I is synthesized by polymerization of an active diesterat room temperature and under atmospheric pressure. The startingmaterial is Z-cHyp-OPcp, N-benzyloxycarbonyl-(Z-) andO-pentachlorophenyl-(-OPcp) substituted derivative ofcis-4-hydroxy-L-proline (cHyp). Z-cHyp-OPcp (5 g, 9.7 mmoles) isdissolved in 50 ml of dichloromethane and reacted with 150 ml ofisobutylene and 0.5 ml of concentrated H₂ SO₄ at room temperature for 4days. The solution is neutralized with triethylamine and evaporated invacuo. The residue is dissolved in chloroform and washed with 5% sodiumbicarbonate and water. The chloroform layer is dried over sodium sulfateand evaporated under reduced pressure. The crystalline residue isrecrystallized from methanol to yield 5.05 g. The product Z-cHyp(Bu^(t))-OPcp (2.28 g, 4 mmoles), thus obtained is dissolved in 4 ml ofdimethyl formamide and then Z-cHyp-OH (1.06 g, 4 mmoles), triethylamine(0.56 ml, 4 mmoles) and imidazole (272 mg, 4 mmoles) are added. Themixture is left to stand at room temperature for 2 days, evaporated invacuo, and the residue is purified by silica-gel column chromatographyto obtain an oily product.

The product thus obtained is dissolved in 30 ml of ethyl-acetate and 30ml of tetrahydrofuran, and pentachlorophenol (931 mg, 3.5 mmoles) anddicyclohexylcarbodiimide (721 mg, 3.5 mmoles) are added. The mixture isallowed to stand for 15 hr, and the precipitate is removed by filtrationand the solution is evaporated. The residue is recrystallized fromchloroform and methanol. The yield is 2.17 g. The product thus obtainedis treated with tri-fluoroacetic acid for 60 min, and then evaporated.The residue is polymerized by dissolving in 4 ml of dimethylformamidewith triethylamine, and imidazole (170 mg, 2.5 mmole) for 7 days. Thesolution is evaporated. The residue is dissolved in 30 ml of acetic acidand 30 ml of methanol and subjected to catalytic hydrogenation overpalladium-charcoal for 8 hrs. The catalyst is removed by filtration andthe filtrate concentrated. The residue is dissolved in dichloromethaneand ether is added to give 390 mg of amorphous powder.

EXAMPLE IV

The polymer cH-II is synthesized by polymerization of an active esterwith imidazole at elevated temperature and under reduced pressure.Z-cHyp-OPcp (3 g, 5.8 mmoles) is dissolved in 2 ml of dimethylformamideand reacted with 5 molar equivalents of imidazole at 110° C. in vacuofor 7 days. The oily precipitate obtained is washed with methanol toremove excess imidazole, and is then dissolved in 10 ml ofdimethylformamide. The solution is saturated with anhydrous ammonia toamidate the carboxyl-terminal residue, and evaporated. The residue isdissolved in acetic acid and dimethylformamide, and subjected tocatalytic hydrogenation over palladium-charcoal for 2 days. The catalystis removed by filtration and the filtrate is concentrated. The residueis dissolved in acetic acid and dialyzed against 50% of acetic acid for1 day. The contents of the bag are lyophilized to give 1.8 g ofamorphous powder.

EXAMPLE V

The polymer cHAG is synthesized from N-benzyloxycarbonyl-substitutedcHyp (Boc-cHyp-OH) and L-alanine (Boc-Ala-OH), and from O-benzyl-glycine(GlyOBzl). To a solution of GlyOBzl.p-toluenesulphonyl (1.3 g, 4 mmoles)and triethylamine (0.56 ml, 4 mmoles) in 10 ml tetrahydrofuran,Boc-cHyp-OH (0.85 g, 3.7 mmoles) and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (0.76 g,3.7 mmoles) are added. The mixture is allowed to react for 15 hr. Theprecipitate is removed by filtration and the filtrate is concentrated toa residue which is then dissolved in ethylacetate. The solution iswashed with N-hydrochloric acid, 5% sodium bicarbonate, and water. It isdried over sodium sulfate and evaporated in vacuo. The residue isrecrystallized from ethylacetate and n-hexane to obtain 1.02 g.

The product thus obtained is treated with trifluoroacetic acid for 40min and evaporated. The residue is dissolved in 3 ml ofdimethylformamide, and triethylamine and the N-hydroxy-succinimidederivative of Boc-Ala-OH, Boc-Ala-OSu (715 mg, 2.5 mmoles), are added.The mixture is allowed to react for 2 days and evaporated. The residueis dissolved in ethylacetate and the solution is washed with 1 N HCl, 5%sodium bicarbonate, and water. It is dried over sodium sulfate andevaporated. The residue is recrystallized from ethylacetate and n-hexaneto obtain 950 mg. The product obtained is dissolved in methanol andsubjected to catalytic hydrogenation over palladium-charcoal for 6 hrs.The catalyst is removed by filtration and the filtrate is concentratedto a residue which is recrystallized from ethylacetate and n-hexane toyield 840 mg.

The product is dissolved is 5 ml of dimethylformamide, andZ-cHp(But)-OPcp (1.31 g, 2.3 mmole) and imidazole (96 mg, 2.3 mmole) areadded. The mixture is allowed to react for 2 days, evaporated in vacuo,and the residue is purified by column chromatography on silica gel toyield 940 mg.

The product is dissolved in 10 ml of ethylacetate and 10 ml oftetrahydrofuran, and Pcp-OH (373 mg, 1.4 mmole) anddicyclohexylcarbodiimide (310 mg, 1.5 mmole) are added. The mixture isallowed to react for 15 hr, and evaporated in vacuo. The residue ispurified by column chromatography to yield 1.0 g.

The product thus obtained is treated with trifluoracetic acid for 40 minand evaporated in vacuo. The residue is polymerized by dissolving 2 mlof dimethylformamide and triethylamine for 7 days and evaporated invacuo. The residue is dissolved in 10 ml of acetic acid and 10 ml ofmethanol, and subjected to catalytic hydrogenation overpalladium-charcoal for 6 hrs.

The catalyst is removed by filtration and filtrate is concentrated. Thesample is then dissolved in acetic acid and dialyzed against water for 1day to obtain 140 mg. of amorphous powder.

While the invention has been described in connection with severalexemplary embodiments thereof, it will be understood that manymodifications will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art;and that this application is intended to cover any adaptations orvariations thereof. Therefore, it is manifestly indended that thisinvention be only limited by the claims and the equivalents thereof.

What is claimed:
 1. A composition for the control of the cellularsynthesis of collagen fibers in animals, which comprises a prolineanalog in polymeric form selected from the group, consisting ofL-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid; cis-4-hydroxy-L-proline;3,4-dehydro-L-proline; cis-4-hydroxy-L-proline; cis-4-chloro-L-proline;laevo and cis isomers of compounds of the general structural formula##STR5## wherein R is OH, Cl, F, NH₂, CH₃, OC(O)CH₃, OC(O)CH₂ CH₃, SH,SCH₃, OCH₃, ONO₂, OSO₃ H, H₂ PO₄, or COOH; L-pipecolic acid;1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-L-picolinic acid; 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-L-picolinicacid; 1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-L-picolinic acid;1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-L-picolinic acid; 1,2-dihydro-L-picolinic acid; laevoisomers of the compound of the general structural formula ##STR6## whereX is N, S or O; or mixture thereof and a pharmaceutically acceptablecarrier therefor.
 2. The composition as defined in claim 1 wherein saidproline analog is cis-4-hydroxy-L-proline.
 3. A method for the synthesisof polymer of any of the proline analogs defined in claims 1 or 2wherein the proline analogs are linked through ester bonds to apolypeptide chain.
 4. A method for the control of the cellular synthesisof collagen fibers in animals in an area where scar tissue formation canoccur, which comprises the topical application of an effective amount ofthe composition as defined in claims 1 or 2 in said area.